How to Measure RTS Pixels

Albert Theuwissen published an interesting post on identification, measurement and interpretation of various random telegraph signal effects (RTS) in pixels:

"This RTS effect can originate through :

• dark current effects in the pixel itself, then the two flipping signal levels will be observed also as 2 RTS levels, or,
• the effect of a single trap in the source follower, then the two flipping signal levels in combination with the CDS can be observed as 3 RTS levels, without CDS they remain as 2 RTS levels."